Author(s):
Mamta Patel, Krishna Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar
Email(s):
patelkhimaram768@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0975-4385.2026.00029 
Address:
Mamta Patel, Krishna Patel*, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar
Department of chemistry
P S G V P M’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Cassia fistula Linn, belonging to the family Leguminosae and subfamily Caesalpiniaceae, is a widely used medicinal plant commonly referred to as Indian Laburnum or the Yellow Shower tree due to its bright yellow, hanging flower clusters. Native to tropical Asia, it is also cultivated in countries such as South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, and parts of East Africa. Traditionally, various parts of the plant have been used in the treatment of abdominal and glandular tumors, liver disorders, and throat cancer. It is also known for its effectiveness in managing burns, epilepsy, constipation, diarrhea, dysuria, convulsions, and skin conditions including leprosy and syphilis. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is recognized for its carminative and laxative properties. Phytochemical analyses have revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. These contribute to its wide spectrum of pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, and antitumor activities. This review presents a detailed summary of the plant’s morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical constituents, and therapeutic potential, highlighting its importance in traditional and modern medicine.
Cite this article:
Mamta Patel, Krishna Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar. Cassia fistula Linn: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacology Studies (Amaltas). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2026; 18(2):212-6. doi: 10.52711/0975-4385.2026.00029
Cite(Electronic):
Mamta Patel, Krishna Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar. Cassia fistula Linn: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacology Studies (Amaltas). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2026; 18(2):212-6. doi: 10.52711/0975-4385.2026.00029 Available on: https://www.rjpponline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-18-2-14
REFERENCE:
1. Ashraf Ali M. Cassia Fistula Linn: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2014; 5(6): 2125-30.
2. Bhalerao SA, Kelkar TS. Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Cassia fistula Linn. Res J Biol Sci. 2012; 1(5): 79-84.
3. Tanveer S, Latif A, Ashiq K, Qayyum M, Bajwa MA. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological and Phytochemical Potential of Cassia fistula Linn. Int J Biol Pharm Allied Sci. 2019; 8(6): 1134-57.
4. Zubair F, Riaz N, Khalid I. Validation of Anti-Bacterial Effect of Amaltas (Cassia fistula) Methanolic Extract against Selected Bacterial Strains. Emerging Sci. 2023; 1.
5. Abdullah R, Saleem F, Younas Q, Kaleem A, Iqtedar M, Aftab M. Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Plants and In Silico Investigation of Their Bioactive Compounds in Wound Healing and Rheumatism. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2024; 31: 103942.
6. Pawar AV, Patil SJ, Killedar SG. Uses of Cassia Fistula Linn as a Medicinal Plant. IJARND. 2017.
7. Dutta A, De B. Seasonal variation in the content of sennosides and rhein in leaves and pods of Cassia fistula. Indian J Pharm Sci. 1980; 60: 388-90.
8. Verma S. Pharmacological Review on Cassia Fistula Linn (Amaltas). Int J Pharm Chem Biol Sci. 2016; 6(3):332-5.
9. Mwangi RW, Macharia JM, Wagara IN, Bence RL. The medicinal properties of Cassia fistula L: A review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021; 144: 112240.
10. Danish M, Singh P, Mishra G, Srivastava S. Cassia fistula Linn. (Amulthus) – An Important Medicinal Plant: A Review. 2011.
11. Mishra RH, Waghmare SU, Jadhav V, Hiward D, Kishan K, Manoj T, et al. Medicinal value of Cassia fistula Linn. Golden Shower Tree. 2024; 4(3).
12. Gupta RK. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 1sted. New Delhi: CBS Publishers; 2010. p. 116-7.
13. Gupta AK, Tondon N, Sharma M. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2. Indian Council of Medical Research; 2008. p. 47-53.
14. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Part 1. Vol 5. New Delhi: Govt. of India; 2001. p. 8-9.
15. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2. Dehradun: International Book Distributors; 2006. p. 856-60.
16. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Revised ed. Mumbai: IDMA; 2002. p. 106-13.
17. Awasthi P, Kesharwani V, Kabra S. Golden Shower Tree: Emerging Medicinal Properties Composed of Phytochemistry. Int J Pharm. 2022; 9(11):170-85.
18. Singh SK, Singh S. Evaluation of Cassia fistula Linn. Seed Mucilage in Tablet Formulations. Int J PharmTech Res. 2010; 2(3): 1839-46.
19. Sen AB, Shukla YN. Chemical examination of Cassia fistula. J Indian Chem Soc. 1968; 45(8).
20. Agarwal SS, Paridhavi M. Clinically Useful Herbal Drugs. Ahuja Publishing House; 2005. p. 281-2.
21. Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants. Springer; 2007. p. 128.
22. Manonmani G, Bhavapriya V, Kalpana S, Govindasamy S, Apparanantham T. Antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula flowers in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 97(1): 39-42.
23. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol 3. New Delhi: NISCAIR; 2004. p. 140.
24. Sircar PK, Dey B, Sanyal T, Ganguly SN, Sircar SM. Gibberellic acid in the floral parts of Cassia fistula Linn. Phytochemistry. 2001; 9: 735-6.
25. Siddhuraju P, Mohan PS, Becker K. Food Chemistry. 2002; 79(1):61-7.
26. Luximon-Ramma A, Bahorun T, Soobrattee MA, Aruoma OI. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50:5042-7.
27. Sayyednejad SM, Motamedi H, Vafei M, Bakhtiari A. Anti-bacterial activity of Cassia fistula Organic Extracts. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2014; 7(1): 1-5.
28. Seyyednejad S, Motamedi H, Vafei M, Bakhtiari A. The Antibacterial Activity of Cassia fistula Organic Extracts. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2004; 7(1): 1-4.
29. Nirmala A, Eliza J, Rajalakshmi M, Edel P, Daisy P. Int J Pharmacol. 2008; 4(4):292-6.
30. Bhakta T, Mandal SC, Saha SS, Pal M. J Med Arom Plant Sci. 2001; 22/23(4A/1A): 70-2.
31. Gupta M. A study of Cassia fistula pulp. Indian J Pharm. 2000; 4:61-3.
32. Abo KA, Lasaki SW, Deyemi AA. Laxative and antimicrobial properties of Cassia species growing in Ibadan. Nig J Nat Prod Med. 1999; 3: 47-50.
33. Gupta UC, Jain GC. Asian J Exp Sci. 2009; 23(1):241-8.
34. Bhakta T, Banerjee S, Mandal SC, Maity TK, Saha BP, Pal M. Hepatoprotective activity of Cassia fistula leaf extract. Phytomedicine. 2001; 8(3):220-4.
35. Sakulpanich A, Gritsanapan W. Determination of anthraquinone glycoside content in Cassia fistula leaf extracts. Int J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2009; 3(1):42-5.
36. Malpani SN, Manjunath KP, Hasanpasha S, Savadi RV, Kusum A, Darade SS. Antidiabetic activity of Cassia fistula Linn. Bark. Int J Pharm Sci. 2010; 2: 382-5.
37. Silawat N, Jarald E, Jain N, Yadav A, Deshmukh TP. Mechanism of hypoglycemic and antidiabetic action of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula Linn in rats. J Pharm Res. 2009; 1:82-92.
38. Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Cassia fistula. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 112(3):590-4.
39. Raghunathan K, Mitra R. Pharmacognosy of Indigenous Drugs. Vol I. CCRAS; p. 37.
40. Abu SM, Abbas Ali M, Khan AM, Rahman MS. Characterization and glyceride composition of Cassia fistula seed oil. Bangladesh J. 1999; 34:144-8.
41. Govindarajan M, Jebanesan A, Pushpanathan T. Larvicidal and ovicidal activity of Cassia fistula leaf extract. Parasitol Res. 2008; 102:289-92.
42. Barthakur NN, Arnold NP, Alli I. The Indian Labernum (Cassia fistula L.) fruit: chemical constituent analysis. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1995; 47:55-62.
43. Rizvi AM, Irshad M, Hassadi GE, Younis SB. Bioefficacies of Cassia fistula: An Indian Laburnum. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009; 3(6):287-92.
44. Bhakta T, Mukherjee P, Saha K, Pal M, Saha BP. Antitussive Activity of Cassia fistula Leaf Extract. J Pharm Bio. 1998; 36:140-43.
45. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Rath N, Mukhopadhyay DK. Antitumor activity of methanolic extract of Cassia fistula Linn seed. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 72:151-6.
46. Sartorelli P, Carvalho CS, Reimao JQ, Ferreira MJP, Tempone AG. Antiparasitic activity of biochanin A from Cassia fistula. Parasitol Res. 2009; 104:311-4.